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%\caption{(a) Variability range of shifts in $^{14}$C ventilation age of deep waters vs today (Matsumoto, 2007) and related shifts in DIC (Fig. 2a), alkalinity (Fig. 4), and CO$_{3}^{2-}$ (in $\mu$mol/kg) deduced for the LGM, HS-1, and B/A and various ocean regions below 1500-2000~m w.d. $\Delta ^{14}$C values (${\permil}$) for intra-LGM, intra-HS-1, and intra-B/A age differences between atmosphere and deep-water (calculated from apparent benthic ventilation ages; yr) and related DIC, alkalinity, oxygen, and PO$_{4}$ estimates (Figs. 2, 4, 6), moreover the difference between these $\Delta ^{14}$C values and their modern correlatives are all calculated for a fraction of 'paleo' Modern Carbon (fMC) =1.0. Using the modern regression slopes characteristic of different regions (based on GLODAP data; Key et al., 2004), we also list average maximum O$_{2}$  concentrations and the ratio of PO$_{4}$  vs. ventilation age. Records PS2644 and RAPiD-10-1P are incorporated from above 1500~m w.d., as these sites match immediate source regions of modern NADW to the north and south of Iceland, except for HS-1, where they record a northward flow of intermediate waters (Fig. 3b). From less than 2000~m w.d. we incorporate records of Site 17940 from 1727~m in the South China Sea, since it is bathed in deep waters entrained from Upper Pacific Deepwater, and Site MD01-7380 from 1787 m depth in the Eastern Indian Ocean, which is bathed in Upper Indian Ocean Deepwater. Because of too low benthic specimen numbers in Core PS2644 the B/A age for the Icelandic Sea is not based on direct dating but on analogies to today, deduced from high local benthic $\delta ^{13}$C values of 1.1~-~1.4 ${\permil}$  (Voelker, 1999), thus earmarked by a question mark in Fig. 3a. (b) List of core locations (compare Fig. 3), techniques \#~1~-~5 used to obtain benthic reservoir ages and shortly explained in the Methods section, and published data sources. Apparent ventilation ages and data sources listed in Table 1 and Fig. 3 are deposited at PANGAEA databank (www.pangaea.de/PangaVista).}
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\begin{tabular}{ccccccc}
\hline
Ventilation age & Ventilation age &  DIC     & Potential Alkalinity          & $CO_3^{2-}$        & Max. O$_{2}$   & $PO_4$   \\ 
    (yr) & (\permil $\Delta^{14}C$) & ($\mu$mol/kg)       &   ($\mu$mol/kg)      &  ($\mu$mol/kg) & ($\mu$mol/kg) & ($\mu$mol/kg) \\ 
\hline
%\multicolumn{7}{l}{~} \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{\small{Icelandic Sea$^{(a)}$}}\\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{MODERN VALUES}\\
550 & -66 & ave. DIC~=~2204 & ave. POTALK~=~2368 & ave. $CO_3^{2-}$~=~100--105 & ave. O$_2$~=~241 & ave. PO$_4$~=~1.58 \\
%& regression DIC vs $\Delta^{14}C$: &  regression POTALK vs $\Delta^{14}C$: & regression CO$_3$ vs $\Delta^{14}C$: & regression O$_2$ vs $\Delta^{14}C$: & regression PO$_4$ vs $\Delta^{14}C$: \\
& & $\Delta$DIC~=~-1.49$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$ & $\Delta$POTALK~=~-1.15$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$ &  $\Delta$CO$_3$~=~$\Delta$POTALK-$\Delta$DIC & $\Delta$O$_2$~=~0.71$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$ & $\Delta$PO$_4$~=~-0.01$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$\\
%\multicolumn{3}{l|}{~} & (100 - 105) & -x \permil *-0.71=) & ~ \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{PAST SHIFTS}\\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{LGM:$^{*)}$} \\
+1450 -- +2100 &  -165 -- -230 &  +246 -- +343 & +190 -- +264 & -56 -- -79 & 124 -- 78 & +1.65 -- + 2.30 \\
-180 -- -110 &  +23 -- +14 & -34 -- -21 &  -26 -- -16 & +8 --  +5 & 257 -- 251 &  -0.14 -- -0.23\\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{HS-1:$^{*)}$ }\\
+700 - +1400 & ~ -83 -- -160 & +123 -- +238 &  +95 -- +184 & -28 -- -54 &  182 -- 127 & +0.83 -- +1.6 \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{B/A:}  \\
$\pm$0 & $\pm$0 &  $\pm$0 & $\pm$0 & $\pm$0 & 241 & $\pm$0  \\
\hline
%\multicolumn{7}{l}{~} \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{\small{Northeastern North Atlantic$^{(b)}$} }\\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{MODERN VALUES}\\
600 & -72 & ave. DIC~=~2204 & ave. POTALK~=~2368 & ave. $CO_3^{2-}$~=~100--105 & ave. O$_2$~=~241 & ave. PO$_4$~=~1.58 \\
%& regression DIC vs $\Delta^{14}C$: &  regression POTALK vs $\Delta^{14}C$: & regression CO$_3$ vs $\Delta^{14}C$: & regression O$_2$ vs $\Delta^{14}C$: & regression PO$_4$ vs $\Delta^{14}C$: \\
& & $\Delta$DIC~=~-1.49$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$ & $\Delta$POTALK~=~-1.15$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$ &  $\Delta$CO$_3$~=~$\Delta$POTALK-$\Delta$DIC & $\Delta$O$_2$~=~0.71$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$ & $\Delta$PO$_4$~=~-0.01$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$\\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{PAST SHIFTS}\\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{LGM: } \\
+1800 -- +2000 & -201 -- -220 & +300 -- +317 & +231 -- +253 & -69 -- -64 & 98 -- 85 & +2.01 -- +2.20 \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{HS-1:$^{*)}$ } \\
+4000 -- +4500 &  -392 -- -429 & +584 -- +639 &  +451 --  +493 & -133 -- -146 & 0 & +3.92 -- +4.29 \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{B/A: } \\
0 -- -1000 & $\pm$0 -- +117 & $\pm$0-- -174 & $\pm$0 -- -135 & $\pm$0 -- +39 & 241 -- 158 & $\pm$0-- -1.17 \\
\hline
%\multicolumn{7}{l}{~} \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{\small{Western North Atlantic$^{(c)}$}} \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{MODERN VALUES}\\
700 & -83.5 & ave. DIC~=~2204 & ave. POTALK~=~2368 & ave. $CO_3^{2-}$~=~100--105 & ave. O$_2$~=~241 & ave. PO$_4$~=~1.58 \\
%& regression DIC vs $\Delta^{14}C$: &  regression POTALK vs $\Delta^{14}C$: & regression CO$_3$ vs $\Delta^{14}C$: & regression O$_2$ vs $\Delta^{14}C$: & regression PO$_4$ vs $\Delta^{14}C$: \\
& & $\Delta$DIC~=~-1.49$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$ & $\Delta$POTALK~=~-1.15$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$ &  $\Delta$CO$_3$~=~$\Delta$POTALK-$\Delta$DIC & $\Delta$O$_2$~=~0.71$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$ & $\Delta$PO$_4$~=~-0.01$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$\\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{PAST SHIFTS}\\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{HS-1: }\\
+500 -- +1700 &  -60 -- -191 & +89 -- +285 & +69 -- +220 & -20 -- -65 & 198 -- 105 & +0.60 -- +1.91 \\
\hline
%\multicolumn{7}{l}{~} \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{\small{Southern Ocean (Atlantic sector)$^{(d)}$}} \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{MODERN VALUES}\\
1200 & -140 & ave. DIC~=~2248 & ave. POTALK~=~2409 & ave. $CO_3^{2-}$~=~80 & ave. O$_2$~=~226 & ave. PO$_4$~=~2.14 \\
%& regression DIC vs $\Delta^{14}C$: &  regression POTALK vs $\Delta^{14}C$: & regression CO$_3$ vs $\Delta^{14}C$: & regression O$_2$ vs $\Delta^{14}C$: & regression PO$_4$ vs $\Delta^{14}C$: \\
& & $\Delta$DIC~=~-1.43$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$ & $\Delta$POTALK~=~-1.06$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$ &  $\Delta$CO$_3$~=~$\Delta$POTALK-$\Delta$DIC & $\Delta$O$_2$~=~1.26$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$ & $\Delta$PO$_4$~=~-0.02$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$\\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{PAST SHIFTS}\\
at 3700~m water depth: & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{LGM: }\\
+1600 -- +3100 &  -181 -- -320 & +259 -- +458 & +192 -- +339 & -67 -- -119 & 0 & +3.62 -- +6.4 \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{HS-1: }\\
+700 -- +2400 & -83 -- -258 & +119 -- +369 & +88 -- +273 &  -31 -- -96 & 121 -- 0 & +1.66 -- +5.16 \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{B/A: }\\
-300 -- +1000 & +37 -- -117 & -53 -- +167 &  -39 -- +124 & +14 -- -43 & 273 -- 79 & - 0.74 -- +2.34 \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{~} \\
at 5000~m water depth: & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{LGM: }\\
-800 -- +300 & +92 -- -36 & -132 -- +51 & -98 -- +38 & +34 -- -13 & 341 -- 181 & -1.84 -- +0.72 \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{HS-1: }\\
+1050 -- +600 & -122 -- -70 & +174 -- +100 & +129 -- +74 &  -45 -- -26 & 72 -- 138 & +2.44 -- +1.40 \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{B/A: }\\
+1100 -- -100 & -130 -- +12 & +186 -- -17 &  +138 -- -13 & -48 -- +4 & 62 -- 241 & +2.60 -- -0.24 \\
\hline
%\multicolumn{7}{l}{~} \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{\small{Southern Ocean (Pacific sector)}} \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{MODERN VALUES }\\
1400-1600 & -160 -- -181 & ave. DIC~=~2272 & ave. POTALK~=~2424 & ave. $CO_3^{2-}$~=~79 & ave. O$_2$~=~193 & ave. PO$_4$~=~2.28 \\
%& regression DIC vs $\Delta^{14}C$: &  regression POTALK vs $\Delta^{14}C$: & regression CO$_3$ vs $\Delta^{14}C$: & regression O$_2$ vs $\Delta^{14}C$: & regression PO$_4$ vs $\Delta^{14}C$: \\
& & $\Delta$DIC~=~-0.79$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$ & $\Delta$POTALK~=~-0.83$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$ &  $\Delta$CO$_3$~=~$\Delta$POTALK-$\Delta$DIC & $\Delta$O$_2$~=~1.13$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$ & $\Delta$PO$_4$~=~-0.0048$\cdot$$\Delta^{14}C$\\
\hline
 \multicolumn{7}{l}{$^{*)}$End members of oscillating deepwater regimes} \\
\end{tabular}
\end{sidewaystable}
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